在英语中,”covered” 后接的介词需根据语境和表达意图选择,主要涉及with、by、in 等,具体用法及区别如下:
一、核心介词用法对比
-
be covered with
- 含义:表示覆盖物以伴随情形 附着于主体表面,强调覆盖物的分散性或保护性。
- 适用场景:
- 覆盖物为物质类名词(如雪、灰尘、液体)或薄层物品(如布、围巾)。
- 例:
The floor wascovered with dust.(地板上布满灰尘)
Her head wascovered with a scarf.(她的头用围巾包裹)
-
be covered by
- 含义:强调被动语态中的动作执行者 或覆盖物的整体性,隐含覆盖物完全遮蔽主体。
- 适用场景:
- 覆盖物为具体物体(如毯子、防水布)或合同、保险类抽象概念 。
- 例:
The field wascovered by a tarp.(田地覆盖着一块防水布)
Expenses arecovered by the insurance.(费用由保险承担)
-
be covered in
- 含义:侧重覆盖的广泛性 或包裹感,类似“浸泡在……中”的视觉效果。
- 适用场景:
- 覆盖物为液态或密集物质(如血、泥浆)或强调大面积覆盖 。
- 例:
The actress wascovered in blood.(女演员浑身是血)
The mountain wascovered in fog.(山上大雾弥漫)
二、其他介词搭配
-
under
- 含义:表示隐藏 或保护性覆盖,常见于短语 under cover(秘密地)。
- 例:
The documents were keptunder cover.(文件被秘密保存)
-
from
- 含义:强调覆盖的范围起点,常与 to 连用。
- 例:
The book was readfrom cover to cover.(书被从头到尾读完)
三、选择介词的逻辑依据
-
根据覆盖物性质:
- 物质/薄层 →with(如雪、灰尘)
- 整体性物体 →by(如毯子、合同)
- 液态/密集覆盖 →in(如血、雾)
-
根据句法结构:
- 被动语态(动作执行者明确)→by(例:The road was covered by snow.)
- 系表结构(描述情形)→with/in(例:The ground is covered with snow.)
-
根据覆盖程度:
- 完全遮蔽 →by(例:The window was covered by soot.)
- 部分附着 →with/in(例:The table was covered with papers.)
四、易错点与纠错建议
-
混淆被动语态与系表结构:
误:The table was covered with a cloth by her.(正确但冗余,可简化为 She covered the table with a cloth.)
正:The table was covered by a cloth.(强调动作) -
错误搭配:
误:The child was covered by mud.(应为in,因泥浆是液态物质)
正:The child was coveredin mud.
选择介词时需综合覆盖物的物理特性、句子结构及表达意图。例如,强调动作来源用by,描述情形用with 或in。实际使用中可结合语料库高频搭配验证。